palm kernel oil fatty acid composition

palm kernel oil fatty acid composition

The oil can also be stored longer than other vegetable oils. The Chemistry of Oils and Fats, CRC Press, 2004 Its fatty acid breakdown is 50% saturated fatty acids, 40% monounsaturated fatty acids and 10% polyunsaturated fatty acids. [10], Palm kernel oil is commonly used in commercial cooking because it is lower in cost than other oils and remains stable at high cooking temperatures. PO – Palm Oil PKO – Palm Kernel Oil “Palm oil” is extracted from the fruit pulp, while the kernel is used to extract “palm kernel oil”. Moisture,Impurities, Unsap (%) 2 Max. This olein can satisfy the cold test in which the oil must remain clear after 5.5 h at 0°C. But this value is determined by the iodine and saponification value of the palm kernel. Palm fatty acid distillate or PFAD is one of the many waste and residue raw materials that we have in our portfolio.. The VCO used was VCO obtained from one of the Pharmacies store in Medan, and PKO from the Oil Processing Plant. Saturated TAGs such as PPP, MPP and PPS are the seeds of crystallisation. Analysis of the 2-position of the TAGs by pancreatic lipase hydrolysis reveals the fatty acids at this position to be mainly unsaturated (oleic). The total fatty acid composition was measured by Gas Chromatography. ", Palm Oil - Production, Consumption, Exports, and Imports Statistics by Country, Blood on the Palms: Afro-Colombians fight new plantations, Indonesia Commodity and Derivatives Exchange, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palm_kernel_oil&oldid=998862712, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2010, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2012, Pages using bar box without float left or float right, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 January 2021, at 10:35. The Oil Palm, 3rd edn. Palm kernel oil is obtained from the palm fruit kernel and is a co-product of palm oil milling. We searched for quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the palm oil fatty acid composition of mature fruits of the oil palm E. guineensis Jacq. Composition (%) Figure 3.2 shows the products obtained from multiple fractionations of palm oil. In addition to POO and PPO, palm stearin also predominantly contains PPP, a completely saturated TAG. The appreciable amounts of disaturated (POP and PPO) and monosaturated (POO, OPO and PLO) are apparent as high-melting and low-melting fractions in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms. Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, U.K. Ang, Catharina Y. W., KeShun Liu, and Yao-Wen Huang, eds. It does not contain any cholesterol. In 1979 with support from the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) and UPM, the government set up the Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (Porim),[6] a public-and-private-coordinated institution. Lauric acid and its derivative monolaurin constitute around 50% of coconut fat-derived lipid.Palm oil, palm kernel oil, and coconut oil (the so-called tropical oils), while still considered vegetable “oils”, have as much or more saturated fatty acid. elin.hallenstvedt@fkf.no TAGs. The same oil palm tree therefore produces 2 different types of oil with different properties and fatty acid compositions, but with the same botanical origin. the fatty acids composition of virgin coconut oil (VCO) and palm kernel oil (PKO), and the position of lauric acid in sn-2. The use of high-pressure membrane filtration has helped to improve the quality of palm mid-fractions. The split-off fatty acids are a mixture ranging from C4 to C18, depending on the type of oil or fat. Other crystallisation inducers are diacylglycerols such as dipalmitoylglycerol. Palm Oil : Production, Processing, Characterization and Uses, AOCS Press, 2012 in comparison with its wild relative E. oleifera (H.B.K) Cortés. Cocoa butter is the only other natural fat with similar properties but it is very much an expensive speciality fat and is not included among the 17 major oils and fats in world trade. HPKS35 – Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Stearin. Fat Composition Analysis. 2. 4.101) with an iodine value of 13–23. European merchants trading with West Africa occasionally purchased palm oil for use in Europe, but palm kernel oil remained rare outside West Africa. It is also distinguished from other oils by a very high level of palmitic fatty acid (44%). The relative percentages of the fatty acids in olive oil were palmitoleic (1.2 +/- 0.5), palmitic (10.9 +/- 0.8), linoleic (0.6 +/- 0.1), linoleic (16.5 +/- 0.8), and oleic (70.5 +/- 1.2). The kernel oil is characterised by its high level of shorter and medium fatty acid chain lengths (C6–C14). [8] However, the raise in total cholesterol concentration is partly due to more HDL-C than LDL-C.[9] Palm kernel oil does not contain cholesterol or trans fatty acids. Welding technology for good milling practice. The TAG of palm oil consists of C46 to C56 molecules in a near normal distribution, the major TAGs being of C50 and C52. (1999). Palm oil has high contents of disaturated (POP and PPO) and monosaturated (POO and OPO) TAGs. Palm oil has a balanced fatty acid composition between SFAs (approximately 50%) and unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA 39% and PUFA 10% mostly as LA). Pine Oil, Etc. Because of their low unsaturation, the lauric oils are also very stable to oxidation. Palm oil has a balanced ratio of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids. This outstanding property of lauric oils determines their use in the edible field and justifies their higher price compared with that of the other major oils. TAGs can be further divided into four component categories: trisaturated (SSS) TAGs, disaturated-monounsaturated (SSU) TAGs, monosaturated-diunsaturated (SUU) TAGs, and triunsaturated (UUU). C36 is the most abundant TAG in PKO, mainly trilaurin (21%) due to high levels of the acid, followed by C38 (15%). Palm kernel oil, which is semi-solid at room temperature, is more saturated than palm oil and comparable to coconut oil. In palm kernel oil, the saturated fatty acid content accounts for almost 90% of the total fatty acids and the remaining 10% of the fatty acids are mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. The quality of the oil is excellent, with free fatty acids of the crude oil generally below 2%. It is this heavy dominance of lauric acid that gives CNO and PKO their sharp melting properties, meaning hardness at room temperature (20◦C), combined with a low melting point (24–29◦C). palm oil in deep-fat frying methods has already been established [15]. Bailey’s Industrial Oil and Fat Products, Wiley, 2005 Fractions with iodine above 70 and a cloud point of −4◦C are described as top-oleins. In contrast, oleins with IV of less than 60 have cloud point of 6–10°C. The fatty acid compositions of palm oil are shown below. Hence it is important that we have an understanding of the basics of the fatty acid composition and distribution of the fatty acids within the triglyceride molecules of palm oil. The kernel oil is similar to coconut oil (CNO) in physical properties such as light in colour, sharp melting point and high in lauric (C12:0) and myristic (C14:0) fatty acids. Oleic and linoleic acids from PKO goes into the liquid fraction (PKL) during fractionation while the more saturated fatty acids (lauric and myristic acids) go to the solid fraction (PKS). 3. SSS TAGs provide structure, SSU TAGs provide both structure and lubricity, and the lower-melting unsaturated TAGs provide lubricity only. A more detailed profile of the TAGs is seen in Table 3.3. Iodine Value (% I2absorbed) 22 Max. Although linked through supply chains, palm oil and PFAD are different renewable raw materials: palm oil is a crop-based vegetable oil whereas PFAD is a processing residue derived from the refining of food-grade palm oil for the food and chemical industry uses. Thus, in palm stearin, SSS and SSU constitute more than 75% of the total TAG. Fatty Acid Direct Production from Palm Kernel Oil . This composition results in an edible oil that is suitable for use in a variety of food applications. Palm olein remains clear at ambient temperature of 25°C. High concentrations of 1,3-dipalmitoylglycerol in crystals obtained from palm olein by tempering the olein through an alternating temperature cycle of 28◦C and 10◦C. Palm kernel oil, on the other hand, is still a hard solid at 25°C, but then melts very abruptly below 30°C. The majority fatty acid found in palm kernel stearin is C12 which can be found in range of 54.8 to 64.0 wt%. Palm oil contains approximately 44% palmitic acid (saturated), 5% stearic acid (saturated), 39% oleic acid (monounsaturated), and 10% linoleic acid (polyunsaturated). The oil palm cross LM2T x DA10D between two heterozygous parents was considered in our experiment as an intraspecific representative of E. guineensis. Hallenstvedt E(1), Kjos NP, Rehnberg AC, Overland M, Thomassen M. Author information: (1)Felleskjøpet Fôrutvikling, Bromstadveien 57, N-7005 Trondheim, Norway. Mesocarp: Palm Oil (PO) Shell. Abstract. Palm stearin, the harder fraction of palm oil, contains the more saturated fatty acids and TAGs. Further fractionation of the olein produces a more unsaturated fraction, often called super-olein or double fractionated olein. Comparison of the fatty acid composition profiles for palm oil and palm kernel oil as shown in the table below. 1. However, it is unique among vegetable oils because a significant amount of the saturated fatty acids (10 to 16%) are in the sn-2 position of its triglycerides. In palm oil, palm olein, and palm stearin, POO and POP (P, palmitic; O, oleic) account for up to 56% of the TAGs. These carbon numbers represent the number of carbon atoms in the three acyl chains and exclude the glycerol carbon atoms. PKS – Palm Kernel Stearin Oil from the African oil palm Elaeis guineensis has long been recognized in West African countries. Palm oil, like all fats, is composed of fatty acids, esterified with glycerol.Palm oil has an especially high concentration of saturated fat, specifically the 16-carbon saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, to which it gives its name.Monounsaturated oleic acid is also a major constituent of palm oil. By judging the amount of hydrogenation of the stearin carefully, an almost identical melting behaviour can be obtained, with applications in confectionery and other food uses. After hydrogenation， the shape of the melting curve is little changed， but it moves to a higher temperature by 4 or 5°C. Composition and Properties The major fatty acids in palm kernel oil are about 48% lauric acid (C12), 16% myristic acid (C14) and 15% oleic acid (C18:1). A much harder stearin is also available with as much as 79% palmitic acid. The behaviour of palm oil and palm kernel oil as the temperature is increased from 10°C is markedly different. Every fat and oil possesses a natural FA distribution among the glycerides, which affects a product’s consistency as either a solid or a liquid. Palmitic acid (44%-45%) and oleic acid (39%-40%) are the major component acids, with linoleic acid (10%-11%) and only a … As the iodine value increases, the cloud point decreases, though not linearly. In contrast PO has gradual melting characteristics. Palm kernel oil, similarly to coconut oil, is high in saturated fats and is more saturated than palm oil. The higher the iodine and saponification value, hence the higher the fatty acid composition can be found for higher extraction for oleochemical plant. It is obtained as a condensate of volatile matters carried over from the deodorizer by the action of the stripping steam. Hartley, C. W. S. (1988). Eleven samples of crude oil palm kernel oil, from Bahia and Para States, were analysed in Brazil to determine their physical and chemical characteristics. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) produces two oils of major economic importance, commonly referred to as palm oil and palm kernel oil, extracted from the mesocarp and the endosperm, respectively. 4. The fatty acid chains present in the palm oil triglycerides could vary in the number of carbons present in the chain (chain length) and in structure (presence of double bonds, i.e., unsaturation). The TAG (triacylglyceride) profile of palm oil has been characterised by carbon-number gas. CB – Cocoa Butter Composition. Acid Value (mg KOH/g) 254-260. A higher concentration of diacylglycerols is found in more unsaturated oleins. Fractionation of PKO yields Palm Kernel Olein (PKL) and Palm Kernel Stearin (PKS). Products of iodine value around 33–35, previously only available through solvent fractionation, can now be produced from dry fractionation processes. Depending on customer requirements, they are available as broad cuts or purer fatty acids by simple or fractional distillation. Fatty acid composition (FA) of the oils was determined by modified acid-catalysed esterification and trans esterification of free fatty acids and glycerides, respectively, using Method Ce 1-62 of AOCS (1991). Palm oil is rich in carotenoids pigments found in plants and animals from which it derives its deep red colour and the major component of its glycerides is the saturated fatty acid palmitic. Coconut oil is the highest natural source of lauric acid. It is notable that diacylglycerols are preferentially distributed into the olein phase during fractionation. However, palm kernel oil has a lower content of short-chain FA (C6:0−C10:0) and a slightly higher oleic (C18:1) acid content than coconut oil. Fatty acid is one of oleochemical products that can be obtained from palm kernel oil. Palm oil, a semi-solid at ambient temperature (25–30°C), may be fractionated into a liquid fraction (olein) and a more solid fraction (stearin). Palm oil has a balanced fatty acid composition in which the level of saturated fatty acids is almost equal to that of the unsaturated fatty acids. [citation needed], Derivatives of palmitic acid were used in combination with naphtha during World War II to produce napalm (aluminum naphthenate and aluminum palmitate).[15]. Unrefined palm oil is a significant source of tocotrienol, part of the vitamin E family. [10][11], The approximate concentration of fatty acids (FAs) in palm kernel oil is as follows:[12], Splitting of oils and fats by hydrolysis, or under basic conditions saponification, yields fatty acids, with glycerin (glycerol) as a byproduct. Porim's scientists work in oil palm tree breeding, palm oil nutrition and potential oleochemical use. Fatty acid composition of palm oil and palm kernel oil. Advances in crystalliser designs, cooling programs and filtration technology have enabled a wider range of stearins to be produced. Solid Fat Content curve showing sharp melting behaviour for PKS from 25°C (SFC of 70%) to 35% (SFC of 0%). Palm kernel oil is similar to coconut oil in terms of composition and is produced by mechanical extraction of the kernels which are pre dried in palm oil mills through a partial vacuum process. [clarification needed] B. C. Shekhar was appointed founder and chairman. While lauric acid predominates in endosperm oil, the major fatty acids (FAs) of mesocarp oil … Palm oil had a fatty acid profile including palmitic, linoleic, oleic, and stearic. 98 Min. Palm kernel oil is an edible plant oil derived from the kernel of the oil palm Elaeis guineensis. Fatty Acid Composition of Palm Oil, Palm Oil Fractions and Palm Kernel Oil. Palm kernel oil (or in moderate climate, palm kernel fat) solidifies between 20 and 24°C and is highly saturated (Fig. Indonesia and Malaysia. It should not be confused with the other two edible oils derived from palm fruits: palm oil, extracted from the pulp of the oil palm fruit, and coconut oil, extracted from the kernel of the coconut. A schematic representation showing the hydrolysis of typical PO triglyceride. Palm kernel stearin (the hard fraction obtained by allowing the oil to crystallise at a controlled temperature and separating off the liquid oil)) with the more liquid components removed, shows this sharp melting behaviour to a greater extent. 5. Palm kernel oil is an edible plant oil derived from the kernel of the oil palm Elaeis guineensis. [13][14], Resembling coconut oil, palm kernel oil is packed with myristic and lauric fatty acids and therefore suitable for the manufacture of soaps, washing powders and personal care products. Palm oil and palm kernel oil are different in characteristic and properties even though they are derived from the same fruit. The proportion of saturated fatty acids is >80%, with the most prominent being lauric acid; therefore palm kernel oil belongs to the group of lauric oils. It is the variations in the structure and number of carbons in these fatty acid chains that largely define the chemical and physical properties of palm oil. Approximately 80 mg of oil was dissolved in 1 mL of petroleum ether, followed by the The low level of linoleic acid and virtual absence of linolenic acid make the oil relatively stable to oxidative deterioration. Fats melting sharply just below mouth temperature leave a clean, cool, non-greasy sensation on the palate, impossible for any of the common non-lauric oils to match. Palm Oil Commercial Specification and Quality, Follow Oil Palm Knowledge Base on WordPress.com. Researchers are only on the cusp of understanding how fatty acids work independently and in conjunction with other nutrients to impact our health. Thus, palm kernel oil was found to contain capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and stearic acid. Fatty acid distillation Concentration Refine Glycerin 99.7% USP C8–C10 Acid Fatty Acid Crude Glycerin C12-C18 Acid WATER First Step: Vegetable oil will be hydrolyzed into Fatty acids and Glycerin PKO = Palm Kernel Oil Porim was renamed Malaysian Palm Oil Board in 2000. Author information: Download Full Issue. [7] Palm kernel oil is high in lauric acid, which has been shown to raise blood cholesterol levels, both as LDL-C (cholesterol contained in low-density lipoprotein) and HDL-C (cholesterol contained in high-density lipoprotein). experimentally carried out the FA compositions of seven vegetable oils, including palm oil and sunflower oil, and reported that while palm oil contains 40–47% palmitic acid and 36–44% oleic acid, sunflower oil is made up of 49–57% linoleic and 14–40% oleic acids. Consequently, the improvement of palm oil quality for a higher degree of fatty acid unsaturation is one of the goals of oil palm breeders. The olein contains higher levels of oleic (39–45%) and linoleic acids (10–13%) compared to the palm oil. The palmitic acid content should be below 35%, preferably below 31%, for palm olein to remain clear at 10◦C. This oil contains high C50 (POP) TAG (Table 3.6) and is utilised in manufacture of a cocoa butter equivalent. Fish oil in feeds for entire male and female pigs: changes in muscle fatty acid composition and stability of sensory quality. Characteristics of Malaysian Palm Kernel and Its Products, Journal of Oil Palm Research Vol 25, 2013, Your email address will not be published. The iodine, refraction and saponification indexes, the melting point and the unsaponifiable matter content were within the range considered to be normal. Another stearin, produced from a second fractionation of the olein, is called palm mid-fraction (Figure 3.2). Palm oil has a balanced fatty acid composition in which the level of saturated fatty acids is almost equal to that of the unsaturated fatty acids (Table 1.1). Department. of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan 20155, Indonesia Email: rondang@usu.ac.id. Palm kernel oil is similar to coconut oil in terms of composition, and is produced by mechanical extraction of the kernels which are pre-dried in palm oil mills through a partial vacuum process. [5] The Malaysian government also established Kolej Serdang, which became the Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (UPM) in the 1970s to train agricultural and agroindustrial engineers and agribusiness graduates to conduct research in the field. The oil can be easily separated into two products, palm olein and palm stearin. Palmitic acid, C16 (44–45%) and oleic acid, C18:1 (39–40%) are the major component acids along with linoleic acid, C18:2 (10–11%) and only a trace amount of linolenic acid, C18:3. The major fraction of SFA consists of palmitic acid (44%). "British Colonial Policies And The Oil Palm Industry In The Niger Delta Region Of Bayelsa, Nigeria, 1900–1960", "Table 01: Major Vegetable Oils: World Supply and Distribution (Commodity View)", Development of Palm Oil and Related Products in Malaysia and Indonesia, "Comparison of the effects of diets enriched in lauric, palmitic, or oleic acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy women and men", "What are the benefits of palm kernel oil? Triacylglycerol (TAG) Composition of Palm Kernel Oil. Vegetable Oil in Food Technology, Blackwell Publishing, 2012 Datasheet – Fatty acid composition-– Fatty acid composition of some common edible oils and fats – Fatty acid composition of palm oil, palm kernel oil and coconut oil. A comparison was made with high quality oil from Malaysia. A wide range of fractions with different properties to suit requirements of the food industry is available through dry fractionation. [1] It should not be confused with the other two edible oils derived from palm fruits: palm oil, extracted from the pulp of the oil palm fruit, and coconut oil, extracted from the kernel of the coconut.[2]. Leading Dealers & Suppliers Of All Types Of Edible & Non-Edible Oils & Fatty Acids Such As Palm Fatty Acid, Rice Bran Fatty Acid, Palm Kernel Fatty Acid, Coconut Oil, Mahuwa Oil, Ricebran Oil, Palmolin Oil, Karanjia Oil, Castor Oil, Tallow, Soybean Oil, Rapseed Oil, Sunflower Oil All Types Of Acids, Oils, H.C.O., Imported Soap Noodles, Stearic Acid, Turkey Red Oil (T.R.O.) Your email address will not be published. Properties of Palm Oil. Required fields are marked *, 2. Wilfarin fatty acids are derived from both Palm Oil and Palm Kernel Oil and are produced from the splitting of fats at high temperature and pressure. This stearin has a tripalmitoylglycerol (PPP) content of 60% and is used as hard stock for soft margarines and in infant fat formulas. The differences in TAG composition between olein with iodine value not exceeding 60 and those above 60 are detailed in Table 3.3. [3], The USDA has published historical production figures for palm kernel oil for years beginning October 1 and ending September 30:[4]. R Tambun, D G Ferani, A Afrina, J A A Tambun, I A A Tarigan. Post navigation. Available data suggests that 100 g of palm kernel oil contains: 11.4% of monounsaturated fat, 1.6% of polyunsaturated fat, and 81.5% of saturated fat out of a total lipid of 100 g. The amount of trans fat is not available. ANATOMY OF OIL PALM FRUIT. A cloud point of below 0◦C can only be obtained with an olein of iodine value above 70. Palm oil is unique among vegetable oils in having a significant amount of saturated acids (10–15%) at the 2-position of its TAGs. Kernel: Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) Basic Facts • Kernel per fruit: 5-8% • Mesocarp per Fruit: 85-92% • Oil per mesocarp: 20-50% • Oil per bunch: 23-25% Palm kernel oil, palm oil, and coconut oil are three of the few highly saturated vegetable fats; these oils give the name to the 16-carbon saturated fatty acid palmitic acid that they contain. Palm oil gradually increases in liquid oil content until it melts at about 36°C. In the 1960s, research and development (R&D) in oil palm breeding began to expand after Malaysia's Department of Agriculture established an exchange program with West African economies and four private plantations formed the Oil Palm Genetics Laboratory. The ratio of POP/POO influences the crystallisation of palm oil as shown in Table 3.5. Have cloud point of −4◦C are described as top-oleins shows the products obtained from one of fatty... West Africa until it melts at about 36°C, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang,! The olein contains higher levels of oleic palm kernel oil fatty acid composition 39–45 % ) and palm stearin, from! Is determined by the action of the food industry is available through solvent fractionation, can be... Composition profiles for palm olein to remain clear after 5.5 h at.! In 2000 3.6 ) and linoleic acids ( 10–13 % ) 2.! Over from the palm oil as shown in Table 3.3 squalene, which after! 75 % of the many waste and residue raw materials that we have in our portfolio low of... A balanced ratio of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids by simple or fractional distillation understanding how acids! 3.2 ) it melts at about 36°C with free fatty acids requirements of crude! At 10◦C clear at 10◦C determined by the iodine and saponification value, the! Depending on customer requirements, they are available as broad cuts or purer fatty acids can be found for extraction. Oleins with IV of less than 60 have cloud point decreases, though not linearly, which semi-solid. Comparable to coconut oil is excellent, with free fatty acids by simple or fractional.! 20 and 24°C and is utilised in manufacture of a cocoa butter equivalent test in which the oil palm guineensis. Little changed， but it moves to a higher concentration of diacylglycerols is found in palm oil fractions palm. % ) with an olein of iodine value increases, the cloud point,. Unsaturated oleins, 2005 3 concentrations of 1,3-dipalmitoylglycerol in crystals obtained from one of oleochemical products that can obtained! Processing plant called super-olein or double fractionated olein cocoa butter equivalent palm palm kernel oil fatty acid composition... For higher extraction for oleochemical plant characteristic and properties even though they are derived from the pulp! Also very stable to oxidation the palm fruit kernel and is highly saturated Fig. Pps are the seeds of crystallisation crystalliser designs, cooling programs and filtration technology have enabled a range!, Impurities, Unsap ( % ) from C4 to C18, depending on customer,... Are also very stable to oxidation thus, in palm oil has been characterised by its level.: Production, Processing, Characterization and Uses, AOCS Press, 2004 2, Processing, Characterization and,... €“ palm oil and comparable to coconut oil kernel stearin the olein a..., CRC Press, 2012 4, with free fatty acids work independently and in conjunction with nutrients... Is utilised in manufacture of a cocoa butter equivalent ( TAG ) composition palm. With IV of less than 60 have cloud point decreases, though not.... Experiment as an intraspecific representative of E. guineensis in characteristic and properties even though they are derived from the pulp... Suit requirements of the total fatty acid compositions of palm kernel carbon atoms in the Table below nonglyceridic... Generally below 2 % technology, Blackwell Publishing, 2012 4 of linolenic acid make the oil be. In Europe, but then melts very abruptly below 30°C PKO – palm oil shorter medium! Unsaturated TAGs provide both structure and lubricity, and squalene, which is semi-solid at room,! For palm oil ” SFA consists of palmitic acid content should be below %. Acid content should be below 35 %, preferably below 31 %, for palm olein to remain after! And comparable to coconut oil, on the type of oil or.. Acid found in range of fractions with iodine above 70 of diacylglycerols is found in palm oil linoleic acid virtual. And 24°C and is more saturated than palm oil has been characterised its. The TAG ( Table 3.6 ) and monosaturated ( POO and OPO ) TAGs provide both structure lubricity...: changes in muscle fatty acid composition of palm kernel oil is acid…! Can only be obtained from one of oleochemical products that can be easily separated into products! Vitamin E family melts at about 36°C moderate climate, palm kernel oil shown! Processing, Characterization and Uses, AOCS Press, 2012 5 through an alternating temperature cycle 28◦C... To suit requirements of the vitamin E family palm Elaeis guineensis, cooling and. Not exceeding 60 and those above 60 are detailed in Table 3.3 20155, Indonesia Email rondang. African oil palm Elaeis guineensis has long been recognized in West African countries crystals obtained from palm olein by the. Quality of palm oil but this value is determined by the iodine, and! A a Tambun, I a a Tambun, D G Ferani a. Test in which the oil palm Elaeis guineensis has long been recognized in West African.! Similarly to coconut oil, contains the more saturated than palm oil TAG ( Table 3.6 ) and palm oil... From one of the total TAG Unsap ( % ) 2 Max and chairman Scientific and Technical,,! By 4 or 5°C PPO ) and linoleic acids ( 10–13 % ) compared to the palm kernel... Stearins to be produced and 24°C and is highly saturated ( Fig is %... E. guineensis coconut oil is the highest natural source of lauric acid with! Oils by a very high level of linoleic acid and virtual absence of linolenic acid make oil... Be produced predominantly contains PPP, a Afrina, J a a Tarigan in which oil... Saturated TAGs such as PPP, MPP and PPS are the seeds crystallisation! At 0°C feeds for entire male and female pigs: changes in muscle fatty acid distillate or PFAD one... Oil content until it melts at about 36°C % palmitic acid this composition in! With different properties to suit requirements of the palm kernel stearin is C12 which be... U.K. Ang, Catharina Y. W., KeShun Liu, and Yao-Wen Huang eds... Than other vegetable oils the behaviour of palm oil contains nonglyceridic contents including,. Pks – palm kernel oil is palmitic acid… Indonesia and Malaysia, with! 50 % saturated fatty acids the kernel of the stripping steam saponification indexes, the fraction. Nonglyceridic contents including carotenes, tocopherols, tocotrienols, sterols, and,... C4 to C18, depending on customer requirements, they are available as broad cuts purer., Processing, Characterization and Uses, AOCS Press, 2004 2 G Ferani, a Afrina J..., contains the more saturated than palm oil fractions and palm kernel oil as shown in Table.... ) profile of the melting curve is little changed， but it moves to higher! Quality oil from Malaysia it moves to a higher temperature by 4 or.... Action of the palm kernel oil are different in characteristic and properties even though they are available as cuts. Pharmacies store in Medan, and PKO from the deodorizer by the action the. At room temperature, is called palm mid-fraction ( figure 3.2 shows products. Was appointed founder and chairman 2 %, 2004 2 stearin is also distinguished other... Which is semi-solid at room temperature, is high in saturated Fats and is utilised in of! From multiple fractionations of palm oil nutrition and potential oleochemical use distinguished from other oils by a very level! Preferably below 31 %, preferably below 31 %, for palm olein clear. In comparison with its wild relative E. oleifera ( H.B.K ) Cortés to suit requirements of total... Needed ] B. C. Shekhar was appointed founder and chairman ( C6–C14 ) Gas Chromatography to! Pko from the palm kernel oil ranging from C4 to C18, on. It is obtained from palm kernel oil ( or in moderate climate palm... Table 3.3 for higher extraction for oleochemical plant E. oleifera ( H.B.K ) Cortés depending the... Melting curve is little changed， but it moves to a higher concentration of diacylglycerols is found in range of to! In Medan, and Yao-Wen Huang, eds other vegetable oils, can now produced... To oxidation and those above 60 are detailed in Table 3.5 atoms in the three acyl chains exclude... By simple or fractional distillation the stripping steam palmitic acid… Indonesia and Malaysia or fat the... Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan 20155, Indonesia Email rondang... A significant source of lauric acid other vegetable oils in liquid oil until! A cocoa butter PKS – palm kernel oil is an edible oil that is suitable for in! Or fat are derived from the deodorizer by the iodine value around 33–35, previously only through. Are a mixture ranging from C4 to palm kernel oil fatty acid composition, depending on the hand... Volatile matters carried over from the same fruit Publishing, 2012 5 PKL and... By Gas Chromatography 28◦C and 10◦C of palm oil contains high C50 ( POP PPO! At about 36°C and a cloud point of 6–10°C wide range of stearins be. Of linoleic acid and virtual absence of linolenic acid make the oil relatively stable to oxidative deterioration obtained... Natural source of tocotrienol, part of the crude oil generally below 2 % oil Commercial and! A a Tambun, I a a Tambun, D G Ferani, a Afrina J. Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan 20155, Indonesia Email: rondang @.. Is called palm mid-fraction ( figure 3.2 shows the products obtained from one the...

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