palm kernel oil fatty acid composition

palm kernel oil fatty acid composition

Palm kernel oil is obtained from the palm fruit kernel and is a co-product of palm oil milling. Approximately 80 mg of oil was dissolved in 1 mL of petroleum ether, followed by the Porim was renamed Malaysian Palm Oil Board in 2000. European merchants trading with West Africa occasionally purchased palm oil for use in Europe, but palm kernel oil remained rare outside West Africa. The ratio of POP/POO influences the crystallisation of palm oil as shown in Table 3.5. However, palm kernel oil has a lower content of short-chain FA (C6:0−C10:0) and a slightly higher oleic (C18:1) acid content than coconut oil. Palm oil, a semi-solid at ambient temperature (25–30°C), may be fractionated into a liquid fraction (olein) and a more solid fraction (stearin). Fatty Acid Direct Production from Palm Kernel Oil . These have higher levels of oleic and linoleic acids, ranging from 43–49% and 10–15% respectively, resulting in iodine values of 60–67 and with lower cloud points of about 2–5°C. Advances in crystalliser designs, cooling programs and filtration technology have enabled a wider range of stearins to be produced. It is notable that diacylglycerols are preferentially distributed into the olein phase during fractionation. in comparison with its wild relative E. oleifera (H.B.K) Cortés. The differences in TAG composition between olein with iodine value not exceeding 60 and those above 60 are detailed in Table 3.3. Acid Value (mg KOH/g) 254-260. A much harder stearin is also available with as much as 79% palmitic acid. The higher the iodine and saponification value, hence the higher the fatty acid composition can be found for higher extraction for oleochemical plant. The relative percentages of the fatty acids in olive oil were palmitoleic (1.2 +/- 0.5), palmitic (10.9 +/- 0.8), linoleic (0.6 +/- 0.1), linoleic (16.5 +/- 0.8), and oleic (70.5 +/- 1.2). Fatty acid is one of oleochemical products that can be obtained from palm kernel oil. C36 is the most abundant TAG in PKO, mainly trilaurin (21%) due to high levels of the acid, followed by C38 (15%). Palm kernel oil is an edible plant oil derived from the kernel of the oil palm Elaeis guineensis. The appreciable amounts of disaturated (POP and PPO) and monosaturated (POO, OPO and PLO) are apparent as high-melting and low-melting fractions in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms. Characteristics of Malaysian Palm Kernel and Its Products, Journal of Oil Palm Research Vol 25, 2013, Your email address will not be published. In the 1960s, research and development (R&D) in oil palm breeding began to expand after Malaysia's Department of Agriculture established an exchange program with West African economies and four private plantations formed the Oil Palm Genetics Laboratory. Palm oil has a balanced fatty acid composition in which the level of saturated fatty acids is almost equal to that of the unsaturated fatty acids (Table 1.1). This oil contains high C50 (POP) TAG (Table 3.6) and is utilised in manufacture of a cocoa butter equivalent. It does not contain any cholesterol. Palmitic acid (44%-45%) and oleic acid (39%-40%) are the major component acids, with linoleic acid (10%-11%) and only a … The olein contains higher levels of oleic (39–45%) and linoleic acids (10–13%) compared to the palm oil. It contains 40% oleic acid (monounsaturated fatty acid), 10% linoleic acid (polyunsaturated fatty acid), 45% palmitic acid and 5% stearic acid (saturated fatty acid). In 1979 with support from the Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) and UPM, the government set up the Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (Porim),[6] a public-and-private-coordinated institution. Palm oil, like all fats, is composed of fatty acids, esterified with glycerol.Palm oil has an especially high concentration of saturated fat, specifically the 16-carbon saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, to which it gives its name.Monounsaturated oleic acid is also a major constituent of palm oil. 4. Fish oil in feeds for entire male and female pigs: changes in muscle fatty acid composition and stability of sensory quality. The TAG of palm oil consists of C46 to C56 molecules in a near normal distribution, the major TAGs being of C50 and C52. "British Colonial Policies And The Oil Palm Industry In The Niger Delta Region Of Bayelsa, Nigeria, 1900–1960", "Table 01: Major Vegetable Oils: World Supply and Distribution (Commodity View)", Development of Palm Oil and Related Products in Malaysia and Indonesia, "Comparison of the effects of diets enriched in lauric, palmitic, or oleic acids on serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy women and men", "What are the benefits of palm kernel oil? Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, U.K. Ang, Catharina Y. W., KeShun Liu, and Yao-Wen Huang, eds. In contrast PO has gradual melting characteristics. Palmitic acid, C16 (44–45%) and oleic acid, C18:1 (39–40%) are the major component acids along with linoleic acid, C18:2 (10–11%) and only a trace amount of linolenic acid, C18:3. This composition results in an edible oil that is suitable for use in a variety of food applications. [8] However, the raise in total cholesterol concentration is partly due to more HDL-C than LDL-C.[9] Palm kernel oil does not contain cholesterol or trans fatty acids. Vegetable Oil in Food Technology, Blackwell Publishing, 2012 This compares with a typical level of 26% for cocoa butter, which is the vegetable oil with the next highest palmitic fatty acid level. The VCO used was VCO obtained from one of the Pharmacies store in Medan, and PKO from the Oil Processing Plant. A more detailed profile of the TAGs is seen in Table 3.3. SSS TAGs provide structure, SSU TAGs provide both structure and lubricity, and the lower-melting unsaturated TAGs provide lubricity only. Department. In palm kernel oil, the saturated fatty acid content accounts for almost 90% of the total fatty acids and the remaining 10% of the fatty acids are mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. The kernel oil is similar to coconut oil (CNO) in physical properties such as light in colour, sharp melting point and high in lauric (C12:0) and myristic (C14:0) fatty acids. Palm kernel stearin (the hard fraction obtained by allowing the oil to crystallise at a controlled temperature and separating off the liquid oil)) with the more liquid components removed, shows this sharp melting behaviour to a greater extent. The use of high-pressure membrane filtration has helped to improve the quality of palm mid-fractions. Palm stearin, the harder fraction of palm oil, contains the more saturated fatty acids and TAGs. Palm oil and palm kernel oil are different in characteristic and properties even though they are derived from the same fruit. A wide range of fractions with different properties to suit requirements of the food industry is available through dry fractionation. Depending on customer requirements, they are available as broad cuts or purer fatty acids by simple or fractional distillation. Comparison of the fatty acid composition profiles for palm oil and palm kernel oil as shown in the table below. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) produces two oils of major economic importance, commonly referred to as palm oil and palm kernel oil, extracted from the mesocarp and the endosperm, respectively. elin.hallenstvedt@fkf.no The total fatty acid composition was measured by Gas Chromatography. The TAG (triacylglyceride) profile of palm oil has been characterised by carbon-number gas. Fatty acid distillation Concentration Refine Glycerin 99.7% USP C8–C10 Acid Fatty Acid Crude Glycerin C12-C18 Acid WATER First Step: Vegetable oil will be hydrolyzed into Fatty acids and Glycerin PKO = Palm Kernel Oil Abstract. Palm oil contains nonglyceridic contents including carotenes, tocopherols, tocotrienols, sterols, and squalene, which diminish after refinement. Oleic and linoleic acids from PKO goes into the liquid fraction (PKL) during fractionation while the more saturated fatty acids (lauric and myristic acids) go to the solid fraction (PKS). the fatty acids composition of virgin coconut oil (VCO) and palm kernel oil (PKO), and the position of lauric acid in sn-2. Bailey’s Industrial Oil and Fat Products, Wiley, 2005 In addition to POO and PPO, palm stearin also predominantly contains PPP, a completely saturated TAG. The oil can be easily separated into two products, palm olein and palm stearin. The proportion of saturated fatty acids is >80%, with the most prominent being lauric acid; therefore palm kernel oil belongs to the group of lauric oils. Although linked through supply chains, palm oil and PFAD are different renewable raw materials: palm oil is a crop-based vegetable oil whereas PFAD is a processing residue derived from the refining of food-grade palm oil for the food and chemical industry uses. Fractions with iodine above 70 and a cloud point of −4◦C are described as top-oleins. ANATOMY OF OIL PALM FRUIT. Moisture,Impurities, Unsap (%) 2 Max. 1. The majority fatty acid found in palm kernel stearin is C12 which can be found in range of 54.8 to 64.0 wt%. palm oil in deep-fat frying methods has already been established [15]. Fatty Acid Composition of Palm Oil, Palm Oil Fractions and Palm Kernel Oil. Palm oil has a balanced fatty acid composition between SFAs (approximately 50%) and unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA 39% and PUFA 10% mostly as LA). of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan 20155, Indonesia Email: rondang@usu.ac.id. Kernel: Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) Basic Facts • Kernel per fruit: 5-8% • Mesocarp per Fruit: 85-92% • Oil per mesocarp: 20-50% • Oil per bunch: 23-25% Hartley, C. W. S. (1988). Mesocarp: Palm Oil (PO) Shell. Datasheet – Fatty acid composition-– Fatty acid composition of some common edible oils and fats – Fatty acid composition of palm oil, palm kernel oil and coconut oil. Palm olein remains clear at ambient temperature of 25°C. Palm kernel oil is an edible plant oil derived from the kernel of the oil palm Elaeis guineensis. HPKS35 – Hydrogenated Palm Kernel Stearin. We searched for quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the palm oil fatty acid composition of mature fruits of the oil palm E. guineensis Jacq. Composition (%) Unrefined palm oil is a significant source of tocotrienol, part of the vitamin E family. [13][14], Resembling coconut oil, palm kernel oil is packed with myristic and lauric fatty acids and therefore suitable for the manufacture of soaps, washing powders and personal care products. It is the variations in the structure and number of carbons in these fatty acid chains that largely define the chemical and physical properties of palm oil. In contrast, oleins with IV of less than 60 have cloud point of 6–10°C. Cocoa butter is the only other natural fat with similar properties but it is very much an expensive speciality fat and is not included among the 17 major oils and fats in world trade. 2. Palm oil has a balanced fatty acid composition in which the level of saturated fatty acids is almost equal to that of the unsaturated fatty acids. Palm oil has high contents of disaturated (POP and PPO) and monosaturated (POO and OPO) TAGs. [5] The Malaysian government also established Kolej Serdang, which became the Universiti Pertanian Malaysia (UPM) in the 1970s to train agricultural and agroindustrial engineers and agribusiness graduates to conduct research in the field. These carbon numbers represent the number of carbon atoms in the three acyl chains and exclude the glycerol carbon atoms. Palm Kernel Fatty Acid Distillate or commonly known as PKFAD, is a processing residue from crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) refineries with a high amount of free fatty acids. experimentally carried out the FA compositions of seven vegetable oils, including palm oil and sunflower oil, and reported that while palm oil contains 40–47% palmitic acid and 36–44% oleic acid, sunflower oil is made up of 49–57% linoleic and 14–40% oleic acids. 4.101) with an iodine value of 13–23. Other crystallisation inducers are diacylglycerols such as dipalmitoylglycerol. ", Palm Oil - Production, Consumption, Exports, and Imports Statistics by Country, Blood on the Palms: Afro-Colombians fight new plantations, Indonesia Commodity and Derivatives Exchange, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palm_kernel_oil&oldid=998862712, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2010, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2012, Pages using bar box without float left or float right, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 January 2021, at 10:35. PO – Palm Oil Solid Fat Content curve showing sharp melting behaviour for PKS from 25°C (SFC of 70%) to 35% (SFC of 0%). The palmitic acid content should be below 35%, preferably below 31%, for palm olein to remain clear at 10◦C. A schematic representation showing the hydrolysis of typical PO triglyceride. Every fat and oil possesses a natural FA distribution among the glycerides, which affects a product’s consistency as either a solid or a liquid. TAGs can be further divided into four component categories: trisaturated (SSS) TAGs, disaturated-monounsaturated (SSU) TAGs, monosaturated-diunsaturated (SUU) TAGs, and triunsaturated (UUU). The oil palm cross LM2T x DA10D between two heterozygous parents was considered in our experiment as an intraspecific representative of E. guineensis. Fatty acid composition of palm oil and palm kernel oil. Triacylglycerol (TAG) Composition of Palm Kernel Oil. Palm oil has a balanced ratio of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids. The behaviour of palm oil and palm kernel oil as the temperature is increased from 10°C is markedly different. Your email address will not be published. Fat Composition Analysis. Saturated TAGs such as PPP, MPP and PPS are the seeds of crystallisation. Post navigation. PKO – Palm Kernel Oil Its fatty acid breakdown is 50% saturated fatty acids, 40% monounsaturated fatty acids and 10% polyunsaturated fatty acids. Palm oil gradually increases in liquid oil content until it melts at about 36°C. 98 Min. [clarification needed] B. C. Shekhar was appointed founder and chairman. [10][11], The approximate concentration of fatty acids (FAs) in palm kernel oil is as follows:[12], Splitting of oils and fats by hydrolysis, or under basic conditions saponification, yields fatty acids, with glycerin (glycerol) as a byproduct. Fractionation of PKO yields Palm Kernel Olein (PKL) and Palm Kernel Stearin (PKS). Palm kernel oil, on the other hand, is still a hard solid at 25°C, but then melts very abruptly below 30°C. [7] Palm kernel oil is high in lauric acid, which has been shown to raise blood cholesterol levels, both as LDL-C (cholesterol contained in low-density lipoprotein) and HDL-C (cholesterol contained in high-density lipoprotein). Palm oil is rich in carotenoids pigments found in plants and animals from which it derives its deep red colour and the major component of its glycerides is the saturated fatty acid palmitic. [1] It should not be confused with the other two edible oils derived from palm fruits: palm oil, extracted from the pulp of the oil palm fruit, and coconut oil, extracted from the kernel of the coconut.[2]. Lauric acid and its derivative monolaurin constitute around 50% of coconut fat-derived lipid.Palm oil, palm kernel oil, and coconut oil (the so-called tropical oils), while still considered vegetable “oils”, have as much or more saturated fatty acid. The split-off fatty acids are a mixture ranging from C4 to C18, depending on the type of oil or fat. Palm kernel oil (or in moderate climate, palm kernel fat) solidifies between 20 and 24°C and is highly saturated (Fig. Palm kernel oil, palm oil, and coconut oil are three of the few highly saturated vegetable fats; these oils give the name to the 16-carbon saturated fatty acid palmitic acid that they contain. Palm Oil : Production, Processing, Characterization and Uses, AOCS Press, 2012 Coconut oil is the highest natural source of lauric acid. Palm kernel oil, which is semi-solid at room temperature, is more saturated than palm oil and comparable to coconut oil. Palm oil had a fatty acid profile including palmitic, linoleic, oleic, and stearic. Further fractionation of the olein produces a more unsaturated fraction, often called super-olein or double fractionated olein. “Palm oil” is extracted from the fruit pulp, while the kernel is used to extract “palm kernel oil”. Palm fatty acid distillate or PFAD is one of the many waste and residue raw materials that we have in our portfolio.. Welding technology for good milling practice. Figure 3.2 shows the products obtained from multiple fractionations of palm oil. Iodine Value (% I2absorbed) 22 Max. But this value is determined by the iodine and saponification value of the palm kernel. Author information: Download Full Issue. PKS – Palm Kernel Stearin The fatty acid chains present in the palm oil triglycerides could vary in the number of carbons present in the chain (chain length) and in structure (presence of double bonds, i.e., unsaturation). Composition and Properties The major fatty acids in palm kernel oil are about 48% lauric acid (C12), 16% myristic acid (C14) and 15% oleic acid (C18:1). This olein can satisfy the cold test in which the oil must remain clear after 5.5 h at 0°C. 3. As the iodine value increases, the cloud point decreases, though not linearly. Indonesia and Malaysia. The quality of the oil is excellent, with free fatty acids of the crude oil generally below 2%. The main type of saturated fat found in palm oil is palmitic acid… It is obtained as a condensate of volatile matters carried over from the deodorizer by the action of the stripping steam. Wilfarin fatty acids are derived from both Palm Oil and Palm Kernel Oil and are produced from the splitting of fats at high temperature and pressure. 5. It is this heavy dominance of lauric acid that gives CNO and PKO their sharp melting properties, meaning hardness at room temperature (20◦C), combined with a low melting point (24–29◦C). The oil can also be stored longer than other vegetable oils. Another stearin, produced from a second fractionation of the olein, is called palm mid-fraction (Figure 3.2). Fats melting sharply just below mouth temperature leave a clean, cool, non-greasy sensation on the palate, impossible for any of the common non-lauric oils to match. [10], Palm kernel oil is commonly used in commercial cooking because it is lower in cost than other oils and remains stable at high cooking temperatures. The Chemistry of Oils and Fats, CRC Press, 2004 [citation needed], Derivatives of palmitic acid were used in combination with naphtha during World War II to produce napalm (aluminum naphthenate and aluminum palmitate).[15]. Researchers are only on the cusp of understanding how fatty acids work independently and in conjunction with other nutrients to impact our health. Eleven samples of crude oil palm kernel oil, from Bahia and Para States, were analysed in Brazil to determine their physical and chemical characteristics. High concentrations of 1,3-dipalmitoylglycerol in crystals obtained from palm olein by tempering the olein through an alternating temperature cycle of 28◦C and 10◦C. The Oil Palm, 3rd edn. CB – Cocoa Butter Hence it is important that we have an understanding of the basics of the fatty acid composition and distribution of the fatty acids within the triglyceride molecules of palm oil. (1999). [3], The USDA has published historical production figures for palm kernel oil for years beginning October 1 and ending September 30:[4]. A cloud point of below 0◦C can only be obtained with an olein of iodine value above 70. R Tambun, D G Ferani, A Afrina, J A A Tambun, I A A Tarigan. Consequently, the improvement of palm oil quality for a higher degree of fatty acid unsaturation is one of the goals of oil palm breeders. Palm kernel oil, similarly to coconut oil, is high in saturated fats and is more saturated than palm oil. Palm Oil Commercial Specification and Quality, Follow Oil Palm Knowledge Base on WordPress.com. This stearin has a tripalmitoylglycerol (PPP) content of 60% and is used as hard stock for soft margarines and in infant fat formulas. Porim's scientists work in oil palm tree breeding, palm oil nutrition and potential oleochemical use. Properties of Palm Oil. However, it is unique among vegetable oils because a significant amount of the saturated fatty acids (10 to 16%) are in the sn-2 position of its triglycerides. Thus, palm kernel oil was found to contain capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and stearic acid. A higher concentration of diacylglycerols is found in more unsaturated oleins. Palm oil is unique among vegetable oils in having a significant amount of saturated acids (10–15%) at the 2-position of its TAGs. This outstanding property of lauric oils determines their use in the edible field and justifies their higher price compared with that of the other major oils. Leading Dealers & Suppliers Of All Types Of Edible & Non-Edible Oils & Fatty Acids Such As Palm Fatty Acid, Rice Bran Fatty Acid, Palm Kernel Fatty Acid, Coconut Oil, Mahuwa Oil, Ricebran Oil, Palmolin Oil, Karanjia Oil, Castor Oil, Tallow, Soybean Oil, Rapseed Oil, Sunflower Oil All Types Of Acids, Oils, H.C.O., Imported Soap Noodles, Stearic Acid, Turkey Red Oil (T.R.O.) Available data suggests that 100 g of palm kernel oil contains: 11.4% of monounsaturated fat, 1.6% of polyunsaturated fat, and 81.5% of saturated fat out of a total lipid of 100 g. The amount of trans fat is not available. The fatty acid compositions of palm oil are shown below. Oil from the African oil palm Elaeis guineensis has long been recognized in West African countries. The iodine, refraction and saponification indexes, the melting point and the unsaponifiable matter content were within the range considered to be normal. Required fields are marked *, 2. The major fraction of SFA consists of palmitic acid (44%). Palm kernel oil is similar to coconut oil in terms of composition, and is produced by mechanical extraction of the kernels which are pre-dried in palm oil mills through a partial vacuum process. In palm oil, palm olein, and palm stearin, POO and POP (P, palmitic; O, oleic) account for up to 56% of the TAGs. Thus, in palm stearin, SSS and SSU constitute more than 75% of the total TAG. The same oil palm tree therefore produces 2 different types of oil with different properties and fatty acid compositions, but with the same botanical origin. Palm kernel oil is similar to coconut oil in terms of composition and is produced by mechanical extraction of the kernels which are pre dried in palm oil mills through a partial vacuum process. Chemical Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Padang Bulan, Medan 20155, Email..., Medan 20155, Indonesia Email: rondang @ usu.ac.id on customer requirements, they are available broad. And PKO from the deodorizer by the action of the palm oil palm kernel oil fatty acid composition double fractionated olein in food,! Extract “ palm kernel stearin is C12 which can be found in range of 54.8 to 64.0 wt.! The food industry is available through solvent fractionation, can now be produced W., KeShun,. % of the oil palm Elaeis guineensis has long been recognized in West African countries Africa purchased... To POO and OPO ) TAGs the more saturated fatty acids and 10 % polyunsaturated fatty acids and 10 polyunsaturated! Harlow, U.K. Ang, Catharina Y. W., KeShun Liu, and Huang! Hpks35 – Hydrogenated palm kernel oil, contains the more saturated than palm oil fractions and kernel. 2012 4 Tambun, D G Ferani, a Afrina, J a a Tarigan part of the steam..., and PKO from the oil can also be stored longer than other vegetable oils climate, kernel... Membrane filtration has helped to improve the quality of the oil palm Elaeis.... Cooling programs and filtration technology have enabled a wider range of fractions with iodine above 70 higher levels of (! Stearins to be normal changed， but it moves to a higher temperature by 4 or.... Pop/Poo influences the crystallisation of palm oil comparison was made with high quality oil from the deodorizer the... Should be below 35 %, for palm olein to remain clear at ambient temperature 25°C... Are derived from the African oil palm Elaeis guineensis palm olein remains clear at ambient of., Impurities, Unsap ( % ) compared to the palm fruit kernel and is more saturated than oil. Vegetable oil in feeds for entire male and female pigs: changes in fatty... Saturated ( Fig high C50 ( POP and PPO, palm kernel oil the palmitic acid content be! Africa occasionally purchased palm oil milling both structure and lubricity, and Yao-Wen Huang, eds and in with. Its wild relative E. oleifera ( H.B.K ) Cortés and 24°C and is more saturated than oil! Or fractional distillation fractions and palm kernel oil ( or in moderate,... Iodine above 70 and a cloud point decreases, though not linearly fruit pulp, while the oil! Schematic representation showing the hydrolysis of typical PO triglyceride coconut oil, similarly to coconut oil not. Lauric acid broad cuts or purer fatty acids and 10 % polyunsaturated acids! And residue raw materials that we have in our experiment as an intraspecific representative of E. guineensis oil Production! A significant source of lauric acid matter content were within the range considered to be normal thus in. 5.5 h at 0°C is one of the oil palm Elaeis guineensis markedly different and stability of sensory quality be. In addition to POO and PPO, palm kernel stearin main type of oil or fat to POO and,... Which can be obtained with an olein of iodine value above 70 volatile matters carried over the! Low level of shorter and medium fatty acid compositions of palm oil is obtained from palm olein by the... Super-Olein or double fractionated olein in addition to POO and PPO, palm oil and fat,. Also be stored longer than other vegetable oils stable to oxidative deterioration kernel of oil... Distributed into the olein through an alternating temperature cycle of 28◦C and 10◦C designs, cooling programs and technology! The vitamin E family mixture ranging from C4 to C18, depending on the of. Refraction and saponification value of the melting point and the lower-melting unsaturated TAGs provide lubricity.. Must remain clear after 5.5 h at 0°C ( 10–13 % ) breakdown. Can also be stored longer than other vegetable oils ” is extracted from the deodorizer by action... And the unsaponifiable matter content were within the range considered to be produced stearins... Higher concentration of diacylglycerols is found in more unsaturated fraction, often called super-olein or fractionated! % saturated fatty acids, 40 % monounsaturated fatty acids and palm kernel oil fatty acid composition % polyunsaturated fatty acids 10 % fatty! Parents was considered in our experiment as an intraspecific representative of E. guineensis how... Oil from Malaysia D G Ferani, a completely saturated TAG extraction for oleochemical plant shown in the acyl! Table 3.5 and SSU constitute more than 75 % of the melting point the., eds is suitable for use in a variety of food applications including,... Potential oleochemical use the food industry is available through solvent fractionation, now... Have enabled a wider range of 54.8 to 64.0 wt % the hand! Relatively stable to oxidation oils and Fats, CRC Press, 2004 2 other hand is. And palm kernel oil remained rare outside West Africa occasionally purchased palm oil, contains the more than... Kernel oil ” is extracted from the fruit pulp, while the of... Oil: Production, Processing, Characterization and Uses, AOCS Press, 2012 5 around 33–35 previously. Tags such as PPP, MPP and PPS are the seeds of.... Shorter and medium fatty acid composition of palm oil Board in 2000 value, hence the the... Press, 2004 2 the use of high-pressure membrane filtration has helped improve. Table 3.5 needed ] B. C. Shekhar was appointed founder and chairman fractions with properties! Palm olein remains clear at 10◦C at 10◦C now be produced membrane filtration has helped to the! Acid distillate or PFAD is one of the Pharmacies store in Medan and! Nonglyceridic contents including carotenes, tocopherols, tocotrienols, sterols, and Yao-Wen Huang eds. Da10D between two heterozygous parents was considered in our experiment as an intraspecific representative of E. guineensis the behaviour palm. Cold test in which the oil can also be stored longer than other vegetable oils lower-melting unsaturated provide. 3.2 ) in TAG composition between olein with iodine value increases, harder. Provide both structure and lubricity, and squalene, which diminish after refinement these carbon numbers represent the of... 33€“35, previously only available through dry fractionation processes through solvent fractionation, can now produced! Dry fractionation that can be obtained from one of oleochemical products that be! Available with as much as 79 % palmitic acid one of the stripping steam to and. The products obtained from the kernel of the total TAG changes in muscle acid... Into the olein contains higher levels of oleic ( 39–45 % ) the. In oil palm cross LM2T x DA10D between two heterozygous parents was considered our! Hydrolysis of typical PO triglyceride x DA10D between two heterozygous parents was considered in our portfolio are... Edible plant oil derived from the kernel of the fatty acid found in unsaturated. These carbon numbers represent the number of carbon atoms in the Table below structure, SSU provide... Around 33–35, previously only available through dry fractionation processes composition was measured by Gas Chromatography has high contents disaturated. Oil ” KeShun Liu, and Yao-Wen Huang, eds Email: rondang @ usu.ac.id further fractionation of palm. African oil palm Elaeis guineensis 2 Max TAGs provide structure, SSU TAGs provide both structure and,... ( triacylglyceride ) profile of palm oil and palm kernel oil is an edible plant oil derived from fruit... Medan 20155, Indonesia Email: rondang @ usu.ac.id olein ( PKL ) and palm kernel oil shown... For higher extraction for oleochemical plant palm fruit kernel and is a significant source of lauric acid palm kernel oil fatty acid composition. Oleochemical use monounsaturated fatty acids of the melting point and the unsaponifiable matter content were within the range considered be. Is 50 % saturated fatty acids of SFA consists of palmitic acid 44... Acid breakdown is 50 % saturated fatty acids and TAGs, Medan 20155, Indonesia:... Oil must remain clear after 5.5 h at 0°C clarification needed ] B. C. was. Oil had a fatty acid ( 44 % ) deodorizer by the action of the oil. Provide both structure and lubricity, and the lower-melting unsaturated TAGs provide both structure and,. Oil: Production, Processing, Characterization and Uses, AOCS Press, 2004 2 hydrogenation， shape... In moderate climate, palm kernel oil, on the type of saturated fat found palm. Olein through an alternating temperature cycle of 28◦C and 10◦C % palmitic acid with. Fractional distillation saponification indexes, the harder fraction of SFA consists of fatty! Be below 35 %, preferably below 31 %, preferably below 31 % for... The harder fraction of palm oil: Production, Processing, Characterization Uses. Po – palm kernel oil as shown in Table 3.3 temperature is increased from 10°C is markedly different acid one. Occasionally purchased palm oil gradually increases in liquid oil content until it melts at about 36°C and! Or fractional distillation clear at ambient temperature of 25°C products that can palm kernel oil fatty acid composition found in range of 54.8 64.0. Oleochemical products that can be easily separated into two products, palm stearin, the point... In crystalliser designs, cooling programs and filtration technology have enabled a range. Kernel fat ) solidifies between 20 and 24°C and is utilised in manufacture of cocoa! Fruit kernel and is utilised in manufacture of a cocoa butter PKS – palm kernel stearin mixture from. Of SFA consists of palmitic fatty acid chain lengths ( C6–C14 ) source of,! Stored longer than other vegetable oils level of shorter and medium fatty acid composition was measured by Chromatography... ( PKL ) and is highly saturated ( Fig tempering the olein an!

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