speed drug wiki

speed drug wiki

Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). The LD50 (the dosage required to kill 50% of the test subjects) of amphetamine in rats has been found to be between roughly 15 mg and 180 mg per kilogram, depending on the study. Paranoia 4. Its absorption and excretion may be pH dependent. Methamphetamine (contracted from N-methylamphetamine) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity. Učinci su, na srediÅ¡nji živčani sustav, jači nego kod amfetamina. Pharmacologic mechanisms of crystal meth. The drug is a stimulant: it can help people keep the focus and stay awake. However, its stimulant effects remained unknown until 1927, when it was independently re-synthesized by Gordon Alles and discovered to have sympathomimetic properties. The concentrations of the main neurotransmitters involved in reward circuitry and executive functioning, dopamine and norepinephrine, increase dramatically in a dose-dependent manner by amphetamine because of its effects on monoamine transporters. Simple English: Amphetamine is a synthetic drug. Vermont Department of Health. J. Psychopharmacol. These drugs increase the level of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which can create euphoria. Molecular Psychiatry, 14(2), 123. Speedball is a dangerous mixture, often more so than the sum of the parts due to drug synergy.The original speedball used cocaine hydrochloride mixed with morphine sulfate, as opposed to heroin. 99-165). Wells first started to develop a speed-enhancing drug after Zoom appeared on his Earth, and it was meant to aid "Jay Garrick" in his struggles against the super-villain Zoom. "Amphetamine, past and present – a pharmacological and clinical perspective". Many side effects associated with the drug are adverse effects that negatively impact users. A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects (2nd ed.). A version of the drug, created by "Jay", seemingly caused the loss of his powers, as well as his cellular degenerative disease. [4] Adult ADHD Medications and Their Cardiovascular Implications |, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Lisdexamfetamine Compared with d-Amphetamine in Healthy Subjects |, Stimulants for the Control of Hedonic Appetite |, Development of a rational scale to assess the harm of d rugs of potential misuse (ScienceDirect) |, Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). Sometimes, the drug is used for fun or to boost performance. 1216: 86–98. [citation needed], At room temperature, the pure free base of amphetamine is a mobile, colorless, and volatile liquid with a characteristically strong amine odor, and acrid, burning taste.[15]. Retrieved 18 August 2014. Ann. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Medical. Internationally, amphetamine is a Schedule II controlled substance under the United Nations 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances.[51]. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Independent research (e.g. p. 329. Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant most frequently used as a recreational drug. It was then introduced i… ISBN 9780071481274. ISBN 9780071481274. N. Y. Acad. Upon single administration, it takes about 3 - 7 days for the tolerance to be reduced to half and 1 - 2 weeks to be back at baseline (in the absence of further consumption). Tell your doctor if you have had problems with drug or alcohol abuse. (June 2014). |, Role of Melatonin in Reducing Amphetamine-Induced Degeneration in Substantia Nigra of Rats via Calpain and Calpastatin Interaction |, Neuroprotective effects of melatonin on amphetamine-induced dopaminergic fiber degeneration in the hippocampus of postnatal rats. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. Amphetamine was first synthesized in 1887 by Lazar Edeleanu at the University of Berlin. "Benzedrine sulphate in clinical medicine; a survey of the literature". It is removed excreted by the kidneys and only a small amount by hepatic enzymes. doi:10.1177/0269881113482532. Some interactions listed have been sourced from TripSit. Amphetamine (Drug) Description Mid-strong and fairly addictive speed drug Type Powder Price $7 Level 0 Size 0.5 Weight 0.25 Mixing Details Addiction Low Strength Low Toxicity Medium-Low Mix Strength Low Amphetamines are stimulant drugs. Amphetamine acts by promoting the release of the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain.[2]. Dangerously high body temperatures 2. Stolerman IP (2010). Baumann, M., Carroll, F.I., Dersch, C.M., Partilla, J.S., Rothman, R.B., Romero, D., & Rice, K. (2001). Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is used in all … The European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction reports the typical retail price of amphetamine in Europe varied between €3 and €15 ($4 to $21.55 USD) a gram in half of the reporting countries. No pharmacological use was found for amphetamine until 1927, when pioneer psychopharmacologist Gordon Alles resynthesized it. To find speed , = where is the distance and is the time that has gone by.. Units of measurement for speed. In reality, "Jay" had in fact increased his speed, but at the cost o… Amphetamine was first synthesized in Germany in 1887 by the Romanian chemist Lazăr Edeleanu, who named it phenylisopropylamine. Addiction to speed drug presents in a specific way, and this article’s information will discuss more on the signs, adverse effects, and how to treat an … Addiction is a serious risk with heavy recreational amphetamine use, but is unlikely to arise from typical medical use.[44][45][46]. Dosages from TripSit Factsheets PubChem Compound. When dependence has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if use is suddenly discontinued. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05906.x. Google, DuckDuckGo) should always be conducted to ensure that a combination of two or more substances is safe to consume. Efficacy of psychostimulant drugs for amphetamine abuse or dependence. These drugs increase the level of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which can create euphoria. Speed drug is an illicit substance that belongs to a group of stimulant drugs known as amphetamines. "Chapter 13: Higher Cognitive Function and Behavioral Control". When prescription amphetamines are taken orally and in low doses, drug abuse and addiction is not a serious risk. [14], Amphetamine, also known as alpha-methylphenethylamine, is a synthetic substance of the phenethylamine family. Amfetamine (in straattaal ook wel speed, pep, snelle of belly genoemd) is een synthetisch psychofarmacon en drug.De dextro-isomeer van amfetamine (dextro-amfetamine) wordt voorgeschreven als therapie voor ADHD en narcolepsie.Het racemaat van amfetamine kent momenteel geen medicinale toepassingen in Nederland en wordt slechts recreatief gebruikt. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (1), CD003026-CD003026. It is worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a consistent or reliable manner, although higher doses are more likely to induce the full spectrum of effects. Retrieved 29 January 2012. It also decreases appetite and fatigue. Lower doses tend to increase focus and productivity while higher doses tend to increase sociability, sexual desire, and euphoria. [47] Psychosis very rarely arises from therapeutic use.[49][50]. Rasmussen N (July 2006). Methamphetamine properly refers to a specific chemical, the racemic free base, which is an equal mixture of levomethamphetamine … Ulična imena, joÅ¡ su meth i chalk. (PubMed.gov / NCBI) |, Update on Amphetamine Neurotoxicity and Its Relevance to the Treatment of ADHD |, Bowyer JF, Hanig JP (November 2014). Palpitations 7. Stimulant Misuse: Strategies to Manage a Growing Problem |, The problem of the abuse of amphetamines in Japan |, insufflated, injected, or administered rectally, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.04.003, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22329564, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2526380/, https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.188702001142, https://doi.org/10.1016/s1522-8649(11)50016-2, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3005101/, http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00182#targets, http://www.iuphar-db.org/DATABASE/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=364, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4992783/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5594082/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4843092/, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673607604644, http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+@rel+300-62-9, http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00204-012-0815-5, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18596830, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5008711/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5562346/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29149481, http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/a?dbs+hsdb:@term+@DOCNO+3287, http://web.archive.org/web/20070217053619/http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec07/ch108/ch108g.html, http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021303s026lbl.pdf, http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=374§ionid=41266218&jumpsectionID=41268855, http://www.acha.org/prof_dev/ADHD_docs/ADHD_PDprogram_Article2.pdf, "CONVENTION ON PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES 1971", http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-38.8/page-24.html#h-28, "Sechste Verordnung über die Unterstellung weiterer Stoffe unter die Bestimmungen des Opiumgesetzes", https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/bulletin/bulletin_1957-01-01_3_page003.html, "Verordnung des EDI über die Verzeichnisse der Betäubungsmittel, psychotropen Stoffe, Vorläuferstoffe und Hilfschemikalien", http://narcotic.fda.moph.go.th/faq/upload/Thai%20Narcotic%20Act%202012.doc._37ef.pdf, http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1971/38/schedule/2, http://www.fda.gov/regulatoryinformation/legislation/ucm148726.htm, https://psychonautwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Amphetamine&oldid=144763, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International, The visual effects of amphetamine are inconsistent and occur only mildly noticeable at higher doses. 42 (2): 205–233. There are many harmful effects the drug can cause, both in the long-term and the short-term. "Making the first anti-depressant: amphetamine in American medicine, 1929–1950". 29 (2): 21–4, 32. [38], Melatonin has been shown to prevent (if used 30min+ before dosing) and reverse amphetamine induced neurotoxicity of TH-pSer40 and calpastatin levels in the Substantia Nigra of rats.[39][40]. This page was last changed on 19 April 2020, at 05:37. Nausea 5. Cardiovascular system failures 3. PMID 16492800. They include Benzedrine and speed. Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). Although many psychoactive substances are reasonably safe to use on their own, they can quickly become dangerous or even life-threatening when combined with other substances. Delusions These effects are typically short-term and last only as long as the user has the substance in their systems. 19 (23): 7044–7048. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009695.pub2. [47] A review on treatment for amphetamine abuse-induced psychosis states that about 5–15% of users fail to recover completely. [8], In late 1933, Smith, Kline and French began selling amphetamine in the form of a decongestant inhaler under the name Benzedrine. Depending on purity, amphetamine doses will vary. Synapse, 39 1, 32-41. doi: 10.1002/1098-2396(20010101)39:1<32::AID-SYN5>3.0.CO;2-3. "VMAT2: a dynamic regulator of brain monoaminergic neuronal function interacting with drugs of abuse". Subjective effects include stimulation, focus enhancement, motivation enhancement, increased libido, appetite suppression, and euphoria. Dextroamphetamine is a more potent agonist of TAAR1 than levoamphetamine. Methamphetamine (also called meth or speed) is a man-made stimulant drug. J. See responsible use section. Amphetamine is not approved for use in children less than 6 years of age, with the exception of Evekeo (approved for children age 3 and older). Defalque RJ, Wright AJ (April 2011). Hyperthermia likely enhances AMPH and METH neurotoxicity directly through disruption of protein function, ion channels and enhanced ROS production. PMC 3666194 Freely accessible. [1][2] The class of drugs containing amphetamine includes prescription drugs commonly used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). "Amphetamine- and methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia: Implications of the effects produced in brain vasculature and peripheral organs to forebrain neurotoxicity". Postgrad. Treatment for amphetamine psychosis. Chemically, it is similar to methamphetamine. Headaches 6. Initially, amphetamine was more popularly used to reduce appetite and to control weight. (2005). It is commonly snorted, inhaled as smoke, or dissolved and injected into a vein. Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). Shoptaw, S. J., Kao, U., & Ling, W. (2009). Goodman & Gilman's Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (12th ed.). This page was last modified on 6 December 2020, at 20:40. Many of these effects are not life-threatening, but potential dangers exist fo… (PubMed.gov / NCBI) |, Narcolepsy: current treatment options and future approaches |. Dangerous poisoning. Many different names are used for amphetamines. These include: 1. 1 (3): 172–182. Bioorg. Lewin AH, Miller GM, Gilmour B (December 2011). Archived from the original on 5 October 2012. Chemically, it is similar to methamphetamine. PMID 21272013. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.04.003. Kish, S. J. It is not a recommendation and should be verified with other sources for accuracy. See also drug abuse and drug dependence. Sulzer D, Sonders MS, Poulsen NW, Galli A (April 2005). Amphetamine exerts its behavioral effects by altering the use of monoamines as neuronal signals in the brain, primarily in catecholamine neurons in the reward and executive function pathways of the brain. Berlin; London: Springer. The basic form is more readily absorbed in the intestine and less readily removed by the kidneys, potentially increasing its half life [25]. Prijeđi na navigaciju Prijeđi na pretraživanje. Speed (droga) Izvor: Wikipedija. It is also used to treat symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the daytime drowsiness symptoms of narcolepsy, amongst others. Tremors 8. Amphetamine was first synthesized in 1887, but its psychostimulant effects were not discovered until 1929. Alles was part of a group of researchers looking for an ephedrine substitute. Speed is a drug that targets your brain’s ‘reward system’ to produce a positive sensation that can become addictive. 27 (6): 479–496. [42][43] 318, 321. Chem. In late 1933, Smith, Kline and French began selling amphetamine in the form of a decongestant inhaler under the name Benz… " Black beauty " was a drug street-name used in the '60s and '70s to refer to a pill of pharmaceutical amphetamine (aka speed). ISBN 9780195030570. The list below includes some known dangerous combinations (although it cannot be guaranteed to include all of them). Angrist, B., & Sudilovsky, A. Temperature (Austin). Hofmann FG (1983). All amphetamines, whether legal or illegal, activate chemical processes throughout the brain and body and so “speed up” most every bodily function. 22 (250): 205–218. The exact bioavailability of amphetamine is not known, but it is believed to be over 75% by mouth, and higher by injection or intranasal administration[24][25]. PMID 23539642. Amphetamine, also known as amp, fet or speed. Chemically, it is similar to methamphetamine. Encyclopedia of Psychopharmacology. (1887), Band 3, S. 616–622. During 2012, approximately 5.9 metric tons of illicit amphetamine were seized within EU member states;[14] the "street price" of illicit amphetamine within the EU ranged from €6–38 per gram during the same period. Amphetamine is considered to be the quintessential member of the stimulant class due to its extensively studied effects and long history of clinical use. As a result, they should be treated with a healthy amount of skepticism. Additional experience reports can be found here: As of March 2014, there is no evidence that amphetamine is directly neurotoxic in humans. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, "Amphetamine-Induced Dopamine Release in Human Ventral Striatum Correlates with Euphoria", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amphetamine&oldid=6904981, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Potential adverse effects of amphetamine treatment on brain and behavior: a review. Finding speed. Amphetamine presents cross-tolerance with all dopaminergic stimulants, meaning that after the consumption of amphetamine most stimulants will have a reduced effect. Amphetamine, past and present–a pharmacological and clinical perspective. "Mechanisms of neurotransmitter release by amphetamines: a review". The pharmacology and clinical outcomes of amphetamines to treat ADHD: does composition matter? Speed is amphetamine, a stimulating drug that triggers the brain’s reward system giving the user feelings of pleasure. "Trace amine-associated receptor 1 is a stereoselective binding site for compounds in the amphetamine class". Amphetamine has a high abuse potential and can cause dependence with chronic use. It also decreases appetite and fatigue. Speed is a common street drug, made synthetically in manufacturing facilities or ‘super labs’ around the world and sold under a wide variety of legal and illegal means. As its addictive properties became known, governments began to place strict controls on its sale. "Medical science and the military: the Allies' use of amphetamine during World War II". Amphetamine is a chiral compound. In Sydor A, Brown RY. It also decreases appetite and fatigue. A powerful stimulant that keeps people alert, usually sold as an off-white or pinkish powder – that sometimes look like small crystals How it looks, tastes and smells How do people take it? It was widely used to treat a wide range of ailments such as alcohol hangover, narcolepsy, depression, and weight reduction. [13], Amphetamine is still illegally synthesized and sold on the black market, primarily in European countries. 75 (6): 406–433. Anesth. Prog. Withdrawal symptoms include paranoia, depression, dream potentiation, anxiety, itching, mood swings, irritability, fatigue, insomnia, an intense craving for more amphetamine or other stimulants. [7] Berman, S. M., Kuczenski, R., McCracken, J. T., & London, E. D. (2009). doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2011.10.007. The reinforcing and motivational effects of amphetamine are mostly due to enhanced dopaminergic activity in the mesolimbic pathway. Speedball (or powerball) is a mixture of cocaine (a stimulant) with heroin or morphine (an opioid) or sometimes benzodiazepine, taken intravenously or by nasal insufflation. Bett WR (August 1946). (2008). The chemical structure of amphetamine consists of phenethylamine, a phenyl ring bound to an amino (NH2) group through an ethyl chain, with an additional methyl substitution at Rα. Methamphetamine was discovered in 1893 and exists as two enantiomers: levo-methamphetamine and dextro-methamphetamine. Med. In Sydor A, Brown RY. [33] However, high-dose amphetamine can cause indirect neurotoxicity as a result of increased oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species and autoxidation of dopamine. Amphetamine is a potent full agonist of the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) and interacts with vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). Branded amphetamine, like Adderall, knows similar yet better documented and thus more predictable doses. "World Drug Report 2014" (PDF). In animal models that evaluate the neurotoxicity of AMPH and METH, it is quite clear that hyperthermia is one of the essential components necessary for the production of histological signs of dopamine terminal damage and neurodegeneration in cortex, striatum, thalamus and hippocampus." It is a white, odorless, bitter-tasting powder that easily dissolves in water or alcohol. Heal DJ, Smith SL, Gosden J, Nutt DJ (June 2013). Amphetamine was first synthesized in Germany in 1887 by the Romanian chemist Lazăr Edeleanu, who named it phenylisopropylamine.However, its stimulant effects remained unknown until 1927, when it was independently re-synthesized by Gordon Alles and discovered to have sympathomimetic properties. Jg. p. 370. There are many units of measurement for speed. p. 3. The amphetamine speed is actually a “slang” name for the entire class of drugs known as amphetamines. Mechanisms of neurotransmitter release by amphetamines: a review. Mohan J, ed. It is usually taken orally, but can also be insufflated, injected, or administered rectally. In: Berichte der Deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin; 20. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill. The National Drug Intelligence Center reports that between two and four million children have been diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and as a result been legally prescribed amphetamine, which can improve symptoms when used properly. What is speed? Amphetamine (also known as alpha-methylphenethylamine, amfetamine, and speed) is a stimulant substance of the phenethylamine class. Speed’s effects cover more than just the intended, desirable high. Springer, Boston, MA. [5][6] Additionally, it sees widespread illicit use as a performance enhancing agent and recreational substance. They cause communication between the brain and the body to accelerate. Speed also goes by the street names “Ice, Crystal meth and Shabu ” 2 The drug works using Dopamine. It is odorless and has a slightly bitter taste. PMID 22037049. ISBN 9783540686989. PMID 22073434. ; Changing speed. J. Hist. [3] The name amphetamine is derived from its chemical name: alpha-methylphenethylamine. [9] Using speed can lead to health, social and financial problems. PMC 2478360  Freely accessible. Benzedrine sulfate was introduced 3 years later and was used to treat a wide variety of medical conditions, including narcolepsy, obesity, low blood pressure, low libido, and chronic pain. [11][12] Likewise, adverse effects become much more likely with higher doses and may include serious injury or death. (2013). Tolerance to many of the effects of amphetamine develops with prolonged and repeated use. Lisdexamfetamine is the same drug (dextroamphetamine) BUT is bound to an Amino acid L-Lysine and needs to be metabolized in order to convert it into useable D-Amphetamine, it takes time for this conversion to happen leading to a prolonged T-Max and C-max and more stable overall dosage and effects throughout the entire serum level. Speed drug also known by the names; upper, phet, billy, whiz, sulph, base, dexedrine, or dexamphetamine is a white, odorless, bitter-tasting central nervous system stimulant, chemically related to amphetamine, but with greater central nervous system effect which begins within 20 minutes and lasts for 4-6 hours. Physical symptoms may include a fast heart rate, sweating, and large pupils. PMID 20997404. |, Pérez‐Mañá, C., Castells, X., Torrens, M., Capellà, D., & Farre, M. (2013). "15". PMID 22849208. Galli, A., Poulsen, N.W., Sulzer, D., & Sonders, M.S. It is highly advised to use harm reduction practices if using this substance. Westfall DP, Westfall TC (2010). [18][19][20] Combined action on TAAR1 and VMAT2 results in increased concentrations of dopamine and norepinephrine in the synapses, which stimulates neuronal activity. "Miscellaneous Sympathomimetic Agonists" |. It is purely a drug of abuse and has no medical function, unlike many others. Today, amphetamine is used clinically for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity. ISBN 9780071624428. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (9). The addictive potential of this substance is rather high as well. WARNING: Always start with lower doses due to differences between individual body weight, tolerance, metabolism, and personal sensitivity. Methamphetamine is classified as a Schedule II stimulant by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), which means it has a high potential for abuse and is available legally only by prescription. These drugs increase the level of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which can create euphoria. Ecstasy, also known as candy or MDMA. Disclaimer: The effects listed below cite the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), a literature based on anecdotal reports and the personal experiences of PsychonautWiki contributors. [47][48] The same review asserts that antipsychotic medications effectively resolve the symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis. It was one of a series of compounds related to the plant derivative Ephedrine, which had been purified two years previously by Nagayoshi Nagai. Methamphetamine, when abused, is commonly r… [3] In the 1930s, it began to be marketed and sold over-the-counter under the name Benzedrine. In Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC. Stolerman IP, ed. Progress in Neurobiology, 75 6, 406-33. Sci. [14] Among European Union (EU) member states, 1.2 million young adults used illicit amphetamine or methamphetamine in 2013. Severe amphetamine overdose can result in a stimulant psychosis that may present with a variety of symptoms (e.g., paranoia, hallucinations, delusions). "Unlike cocaine and amphetamine, methamphetamine is directly toxic to midbrain dopamine neurons. In Stimulants (pp. pp. [41] No formal studies in humans have been carried out and the exact toxic dosage is unknown. Allied Sci. Chemically, it is the parent compound of the substituted amphetamines, a group which includes a diverse range of substances like bupropion, phenmetrazine, MDMA, and DOx. Methamphetamine has two isomers, "left-handed" and "right-handed". J. Interdiscip. Heal, D. J., Smith, S. L., Gosden, J., & Nutt, D. J. 10 Things You Should Know About Speed drug. PMID 15955613. PMC 4183197 Freely accessible. Speed is a dangerous, illicit drug that can cause many of the same effects as cocaine, crack, and other stimulants. Mental effects may include an intense feeling of happiness, sexual arousal, loss of contact with reality, or agitation. Government of Vermont. Neurobiol. "Chemical and Physical Properties". Central nervous system stimulants: historical aspects and clinical effects. They are somewhat comparable to. Med. Strictly speaking, a black beauty was a tablet of Biphetamine, manufactured by Strasenburgh Labs, then Pennwalt Corporation, and finally Fisons Corporation, before finally being pulled from the market in 1998. Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin. Amphetamine is a synthetic drug. Speed, ulični je naziv za prilično Å¡irok spektar kemijske obitelji metamfetamina. The hyperthermia and the hypertension produced by high doses amphetamines are a primary cause of transient breakdowns in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) resulting in concomitant regional neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in laboratory animals. Med. [14] Outside Europe, the illicit market for amphetamine is much smaller than the market for methamphetamine and MDMA. Some of the street names for amphetamine include meth, ice, crystal meth, and crank. The name 'amphetamine' is a contraction from αlphamethylphenethylamine, Attention disorders are often treated using Adderall or a generic equivalent, a formulation of mixed amphetamine salts that contain both racemic-amphetamine, in the sulfate and aspartate monohydrate salt forms, and enantiopure dextroamphetamine, in the sulfate and saccharate salt forms, mixed to yield a final ratio of 3 parts dextroamphetamine to 1 part levoamphetamine. Consumption of amphetamine develops with prolonged speed drug wiki repeated use. [ 51 ] 1930s, gets! Such as alcohol hangover, narcolepsy: current treatment options and future approaches | that! By the kidneys and only a small amount by hepatic enzymes ed. ) central nervous system stimulants historical... Had problems with drug or alcohol Wright AJ ( April 2011 ) one use harm reduction when. That amphetamine is derived from its chemical name: alpha-methylphenethylamine street names “Ice crystal... Spektar kemijske obitelji metamfetamina Things You should Know About speed drug doses, drug abuse and has a slightly taste... Aspects ( 2nd ed. ) is suddenly discontinued at 05:37 some of the same effects Band 3, 616–622... ) member states, 1.2 million young adults used illicit amphetamine or methamphetamine in 2013 eiden LE Weihe. Sold over-the-counter under the United Nations 1971 Convention on Psychotropic substances. [ 51 ]:... Units of measurement for speed the market for methamphetamine and MDMA occur if use is suddenly discontinued amphetamine-like... 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